中职汽车维修专业教学体系革新策略研究——基于产教融合背景

本文提出了中职汽车维修专业教学体系革新策略,首先分析了产教相融合的元素及对提升学生专业技能的效果,其次对产教融合背景下汽车维修专业教学体系革新建设路径予以了细化探析,分别从教学体系思路框架革新、专业教学体系革新及明确建设目标等三大方面深入论述。最后对教学体系革新策略开展后产生的预期结果予以了分项明确。旨在为社会与汽车行业培养出高技能的复合型人才。     

PHEV能量管理策略研究

针对一款串联型插电式混合动力公交车,文章基于MTLALB建立整车和各部件数值模型。在中国典型城市公交工况下,建立基于全局优化的DP策略,并与CD-CS策略和PMP策略进行能耗对比分析。结果表明:(1)基于CD-CS策略的后期SOC在一定范围内波动,DP策略与PMP策略的SOC轨迹近似呈线性变化。(2)CD-CS策略较DP策略的能耗成本高22.68%,PMP策略比DP策略的能耗成本高0.30%。DP策略与PMP策略可以合理分配能量源,实现全局最优,但DP策略相比PMP策略计算量大。     

基于演化博弈的违章停车动态罚金策略效用仿真评价

为研究改进后的动态罚金策略对违章停车现象的抑制作用及策略最优解，本文以驾驶员和执法者两类群体作为博弈主体，在改进的复制动态方程基础上，以社会总成本最小为目标建立动态罚金最优控制模型。讨论了该模型的均衡点及其稳定性，并通过庞特里亚金极小值原理求解该模型的最优解。并对改进前、后动态罚金策略的违章抑制作用和策略成本进行数据仿真检验，仿真结果显示：改进后的动态罚金模型能够找到违章停车问题的合理演化方向，在不断降低违章概率的同时还能减少执法力度；在临界状态下，即动态罚金系数趋于稳定值、执法者保持短时间的持续执法状态，改进的动态罚金策略通过改变常用的罚款方式，即降低罚款金额实现对违章停车问题的治理(在治理违章停车的效率上，临界状态与敏感度最高状态相比，即连续执法与动态执法相比治理速度提高了1倍)；改进后的动态罚金策略较改进前的违章抑制性更强、策略成本更低、执法效力更持久、所需执法力度更低，且短时间内不会出现违章停车周期复现的情景。     

道路桥梁工程技术专业课程体系建设研究

近年来,随着我国现代经济建设,人才的战略价值日臻突出,是人类社会发展的关键驱动力,更是行业经济增长的核心资本,其有效培育得到了多方关注。对此,国家亦是提出了系列教育方针政策,包括校企合作、工学结合等,为职业院校的发展指明了方向,开启了道路桥梁工程技术专业课程体系建设新路径。本文基于对高校课程体系的相关概述,着重就道路桥梁工程技术专业课程体系建设进行了探究。     

CACC车头时距与混合交通流稳定性的解析关系

研究协同自适应巡航控制(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control，CACC)车头时距对不同CACC比例下混合交通流稳定性的影响关系，进而为CACC车头时距设计提供参考. 应用优化速度模型(Optimal Velocity Model，OVM)作为手动车辆的跟驰模型，PATH真车实验标定的模型作为CACC车辆的跟驰模型. 基于传递函数理论，推导混合交通流稳定性判别条件，计算关于CACC比例与平衡态速度的混合交通流稳定域. 分析混合交通流在任意速度下稳定所需满足的临界CACC比例与CACC车头时距的解析关系，提出随CACC比例增加的可变 CACC车头时距设计策略，并通过数值仿真实验验证所提可变CACC车头时距策略的正确性. 研究结果表明：在所提可变CACC车头时距策略下，CACC车头时距随CACC比例增加而逐渐降低，避免取值较大影响混合交通流通行能力的提升；当CACC比例大于35%时，混合交通流在任意速度下稳定.研究结果可为大规模CACC真车实验的实施提供理论设计参考.     

纯电动汽车能量回收控制策略研究

纯电动汽车的能量回收技术有很高的研究价值,是提高整车经济性的有效手段之一。以一种并联能量回收方案为研究对象,从再生制动原理进行分析,在电池回收能力、电机回收能力及负载功率消耗的限制前提下,提出一个合理的能量回收控制策略,兼顾整车的经济性及乘客的舒适性,并通过ADVISOR进行NEDC工况仿真验证。试验表明,与无能量回收车型对比,相同时间内该策略下整车电池SOC值明显下降缓慢,该研究为制动能量回收策略算法的进一步优化开发提供参照。     

Economic and ecological optimization of electric bus charging considering variable electricity prices and CO2eq intensities

In many cities, diesel buses are being replaced by electric buses with the aim of reducing local emissions and thus improving air quality. The protection of the environment and the health of the population is the highest priority of our society. For the transport companies that operate these buses, not only ecological issues but also economic issues are of great importance. Due to the high purchase costs of electric buses compared to conventional buses, operators are forced to use electric vehicles in a targeted manner in order to ensure amortization over the service life of the vehicles. A compromise between ecology and economy must be found in order to both protect the environment and ensure economical operation of the buses.In this study, we present a new methodology for optimizing the vehicles’ charging time as a function of the parameters CO_2eq emissions and electricity costs. Based on recorded driving profiles in daily bus operation, the energy demands of conventional and electric buses are calculated for the passenger transportation in the city of Aachen in 2017. Different charging scenarios are defined to analyze the influence of the temporal variability of CO_2eq intensity and electricity price on the environmental impact and economy of the bus. For every individual day of a year, charging periods with the lowest and highest costs and emissions are identified and recommendations for daily bus operation are made. To enable both the ecological and economical operation of the bus, the parameters of electricity price and CO₂ are weighted differently, and several charging periods are proposed, taking into account the priorities previously set. A sensitivity analysis is carried out to evaluate the influence of selected parameters and to derive recommendations for improving the ecological and economic balance of the battery-powered electric vehicle.In all scenarios, the optimization of the charging period results in energy cost savings of a maximum of 13.6% compared to charging at a fixed electricity price. The savings potential of CO_2eq emissions is similar, at 14.9%. From an economic point of view, charging between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. results in the lowest energy costs on average. The CO_2eq intensity is also low in this period, but midday charging leads to the largest savings in CO_2eq emissions. From a life cycle perspective, the electric bus is not economically competitive with the conventional bus. However, from an ecological point of view, the electric bus saves on average 37.5% CO_2eq emissions over its service life compared to the diesel bus. The reduction potential is maximized if the electric vehicle exclusively consumes electricity from solar and wind power.     

理实一体化教学法在汽车电气设备课程中的实践与应用

伴随着我国教育体制的深化改革,职校汽车电气设备课程发生了巨大变化,教师在传授学生基础知识理论的同时,还要培养学生实践能力与应用能力,促使学生能够成为一名全能型的人才。因此,职校教师必须重视理实一体化教学方法,为学生创造更加优质的学习环境,激发学生学习效率,提高学生参与汽车电气设备课程兴趣,进而提高学生的专业理论与技能水平。基于此,本文结合我数年汽车电气设备课程教学经验,在查阅了大量相关参考文献的基础上撰写此文,在文章中总结当下存在的教学问题,提出全新的教学策略。     

基于剩余寿命可靠度的地铁车辆设备多部件趋近机会维修策略

当前地铁车辆的检修存在着过修和欠修的现象。在分析车辆设备全寿命的基础上,以全寿命周期单位时间维修费用最低为目标,建立了基于剩余寿命可靠度的预防性维修周期模型,并针对多部件维修周期问题提出了应用于多部件整体的趋近机会维修策略。通过算例分析,验证了模型的合理性和可用性,以及趋近机会维修策略的有效性。     

地铁互联网票务平台技术方案分析

为实现各种新型互联网支付在地铁的统一应用,分析了建立地铁互联网票务平台的必要性以及平台的总体架构、主要功能、部署方式等。方案表明,互联网票务平台的建设,可以实现地铁各种“互联网+”应用的统一管理,为各种新型互联网支付应用在地铁的快速发展打下坚实基础。